As a disruptive technology, ultra-fine conductors are moving from the laboratory to aerospace engineering practice. By endowing materials with new electrical, thermal, and mechanical functions and achieving ultimate lightweight, they provide a new solution to the core challenges of weight, performance, and reliability that the aerospace industry has long faced. They are an important driving force for the innovative development of future aerospace equipment. With the advancement of materials science and nanotechnology, ultra-fine conductors will be deeply integrated with technologies such as artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing (3D printing), giving rise to a new aerospace system - "smart aircraft" and spacecraft that are lighter, smarter, and possess self-sensing, self-diagnostic, and self-adaptive capabilities.